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大學的作文為Essay
Writing，不再像是高中學測、指考的形式，也不會只有2段，按照Essay
Writing架構至少需要5段。一定要注意好Essay
Writing五段基本架構，評分老師首先看的都是文章是否有符合正確格式，其次才是用字優美。
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作文注意架構：
每一段都要有──主題句(Topic Sentence)1句、支持句(Supporting Sentences)數句、結論句(Concluding Sentence)1句
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各段的基本要求架構詳見以下說明
I.
Introduction (Paragraph 1)
1. Hook (開頭引言、主題句破題)
2. Connecting information(對主題句加以說明解釋、提供些許資訊)
3. Thesis statement(論點，針對Body
Paragraph內容以1句話概述承接)
II.
Body Paragraph 1 (Paragraph 2)
1. Topic sentence
2. Supporting details (Explanation, specific examples) (舉例、解釋、補充說明主題句內容)
3. Concluding sentence / Transition Sentence (結論句或是 轉承句-連接下段內容)
III.
Body Paragraph 2 (Paragraph 3)
1. Topic sentence
2. Supporting details (Explanation, specific examples) (舉例、解釋、補充說明主題句內容)
3. Concluding sentence / Transition Sentence (結論句或是 轉承句-連接下段內容)
IV.
Body Paragraph 3 (Paragraph 4)
1. Topic sentence
2. Supporting details (Explanation, specific examples) (舉例、解釋、補充說明主題句內容)
3. Concluding sentence(結論句)
V.
Concluding Paragraph (Paragraph 5)
1. Restated thesis(最後一段的Topic
Sentence要回扣第一段的Thesis Statement)(換句話說)
2. Summarize the main points(總結文章重點)
3. Conclusion statement (opinion, suggestion, prediction)(結論句)
Example Article
The
Negative Effects of Watching Too Much TV for Children
In
contemporary society, televisions have become a part of humans’ lives. (Hook) We cannot imagine
living in a world without televisions now. Everyone enjoys watching TV,
including children. For most of us, we might think watching TV is an
entertaining and relaxing activity, don’t we? However, some of the kids are
addicted to watching TV every day, and they may spend too much time in front of
the television. (Connecting information) This may result in physiological, psychological, and
behavioral problems for children. (Thesis
Statement)
Children
watching too much TV might lead to physiological effects. (Topic Sentence) The most common
effect for children is nearsightedness. Statistics show that there have been
more and more children wearing glasses nowadays because of watching too much
TV. Even worse, the age of people who become nearsighted is getting lower and
lower, and some of the children have eye problems at an early age. Besides,
children become obese by watching TV for a long time. Everyone might know a
phrase called "couch potato". Nowadays, some children tend to sit
down on the couch or sofa to watch TV all day long, and they don’t want to move
and go outside to have fun with their friends because they feel like going out
is not as interesting as watching TV at home. When they watch TV, they might
eat snacks or drink some beverages. Because they eat more but exercise less,
they become chubby and unhealthy. (Supporting
details) As a result, both of the
problems I have mentioned above are the harmful physiological effects on
children. (Concluding Sentence)
Apart from the physiological effects, it also exists the psychological
effects of children who watch too much TV. (Topic Sentence) First, watching
too much TV would be harmful to their mental development. The research
indicates that prolonged TV viewing might lower cognitive abilities related to
short-term memory, early reading, and language development. These may affect
the development of children severely. Another effect of the psychological
effect is that it may break children’s own opinions and thoughts. When children
get too many objective ideas and opinions from TV, it might lower their
subjective thinking and critical thinking ability, so that children may lose or
lower their ideas when facing problems or issues. What’s more, watching too
much TV makes children lonely. When people watch TV, we dislike anyone
disturbing us or talking with us. All we want to do is stare at the TV screen
and focus on what is happening in the program. Children would talk less every
day and lack of quality time with their family members. As
time goes by, it causes a lack of interpersonal relationships with all another.
(Supporting details) Therefore, children should avoid spending too much time
on TV so that they might not suffer from serious psychological effects. (Concluding Sentence)
Last
but not least, watching too much TV might give rise to serious behavioral
problems. (Topic
Sentence) In
the TV programs, some negative and inappropriate elements are not suitable for
children to watch and learn from. That is, children may imitate the behavior
and some words or sentences on TV. Nevertheless, children can’t tell whether
they have learned from TV is appropriate or not. They may think it is cool and
interesting for them. Moreover, some of the kids may learn from the people they
saw on TV and become their role models, and they will keep watching their
models’ performance on TV to get some new information to mimic. Besides, there
are also so many violent scenes on TV. For a little child, they can't
understand fighting with others or say something rude to people is not good, so
they might imitate what they have seen on TV. In the cartoons, the brave
characters often fight the enemies, so children might think fighting is a brave
behavior and they can win or achieve what they want in their minds. Thus, they
learn the skill of fighting and hurt people. (Supporting
details) Consequently, parents should
tell and educate their children about some bad behaviors on TV, so that it may
reduce serious behavioral problems.
(Concluding Sentence)
Watching too much TV has a lot of negative effects on
physiological, psychological, and behavioral for children. (Restated thesis) Although
TV is an interesting invention for people nowadays, we should have the ability
to make little kids understand what is good and what is bad for them to learn
and mimic. Besides, we will become parents in the future, so we have to know
the consequences of children watching too much TV. We cannot restrict our kids
not to watch TV all day long, but we can limit their watching hours. (Summarize the main points) If children can reduce the time they watch TV, they would
become healthier and wouldn’t live a terrible and harmful life. (Conclusion Statement)
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